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<title>Vulnerability management</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vulnerability management</span></span>

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<p><b>Vulnerability management</b> is the "cyclical practice of identifying, classifying, prioritizing, remediating, and mitigating" <a href="Software_vulnerability" class="mw-redirect" title="Software vulnerability"> software vulnerabilities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Foreman_2010_p._1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foreman_2010_p._1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vulnerability management is integral to <a href="Computer_security" title="Computer security">computer security</a> and <a href="Network_security" title="Network security">network security</a>, and must not be confused with <a href="Vulnerability_assessment" title="Vulnerability assessment">vulnerability assessment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Vulnerabilities can be discovered with a <a href="Vulnerability_scanner" title="Vulnerability scanner">vulnerability scanner</a>, which analyzes a computer system in search of known vulnerabilities,<sup id="cite_ref-Codenomicon_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Codenomicon-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <a href="Open_port" title="Open port">open ports</a>, insecure software configurations, and susceptibility to <a href="Malware" title="Malware">malware</a> infections. They may also be identified by consulting public sources, such as NVD, vendor specific security updates or subscribing to a commercial vulnerability alerting service. Unknown vulnerabilities, such as a <a href="Zero-day_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zero-day (computing)">zero-day</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Codenomicon_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Codenomicon-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> may be found with <a href="Fuzz_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuzz testing">fuzz testing</a>. Fuzzing is a cornerstone technique where random or semi-random input data is fed to programs to detect unexpected behavior. Tools such as AFL (<a href="American_Fuzzy_Lop_(software)" title="American Fuzzy Lop (software)">American Fuzzy Lop</a>) and libFuzzer automate this process, making it faster and more efficient. Fuzzy testing can identify certain kinds of vulnerabilities, such as a <a href="Buffer_overflow" title="Buffer overflow">buffer overflow</a> with relevant <a href="Test_case" title="Test case">test cases</a>. Similarly, <a href="Static_analysis" title="Static analysis">static analysis</a> tools analyze source code or <a href="Binaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Binaries">binaries</a> to identify potential vulnerabilities without executing the program. <a href="Symbolic_execution" title="Symbolic execution">Symbolic execution</a>, an advanced technique combining static and <a href="Dynamic_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic analysis">dynamic analysis</a>, further aids in pinpointing vulnerabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such analysis can be facilitated by <a href="Test_automation" title="Test automation">test automation</a>. In addition, <a href="Antivirus_software" title="Antivirus software">antivirus software</a> capable of <a href="Heuristic_(computer_science)" title="Heuristic (computer science)">heuristic</a> analysis may discover undocumented malware if it finds software behaving suspiciously (such as attempting to overwrite a <a href="System_file" title="System file">system file</a>).

</p><p>Correcting vulnerabilities may variously involve the <a href="Installation_(computer_programs)" title="Installation (computer programs)">installation</a> of a <a href="Patch_(computing)" title="Patch (computing)">patch</a>, a change in network security policy, reconfiguration of software, or educating <a href="User_(computing)" title="User (computing)">users</a> about <a href="Social_engineering_(security)" title="Social engineering (security)">social engineering</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Project_vulnerability_management">Project vulnerability management</h2></div>

<p><b>Project vulnerability</b> is the project's susceptibility to being subject to negative events, the analysis of their impact, and the project's capability to cope with negative events.<sup id="cite_ref-Marle_Vidal_2016_p._5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marle_Vidal_2016_p.-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on Systems Thinking, <b>project systemic vulnerability management</b> takes a holistic vision, and proposes the following process:

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<ol><li>Project vulnerability identification</li>

<li>Vulnerability analysis</li>

<li>Vulnerability response planning</li>

<li>Vulnerability controlling – which includes implementation, monitoring, control, and lessons learned</li></ol>

<p>Coping with negative events is done, in this model, through:

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<ul><li>resistance – the static aspect, referring to the capacity to withstand instantaneous damage, and</li>

<li>resilience – the dynamic aspect, referring to the capacity to recover in time.</li></ul>

<p><i><b><a href="Redundancy_(engineering)" title="Redundancy (engineering)">Redundancy</a></b></i> is a specific method to increase resistance and resilience in vulnerability management.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><i><b><a href="Antifragility" title="Antifragility">Antifragility</a></b></i> is a concept introduced by <a href="Nassim_Nicholas_Taleb" title="Nassim Nicholas Taleb">Nassim Nicholas Taleb</a> to describe the capacity of systems to not only resist or recover from adverse events, but also to improve because of them. Antifragility is similar to the concept of <a href="Project_complexity" title="Project complexity">positive complexity</a> proposed by Stefan Morcov.

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<ul><li><a href="Application_security" title="Application security">Application security</a></li>

<li><a href="Full_disclosure_(computer_security)" title="Full disclosure (computer security)">Full disclosure</a></li>

<li><a href="Long-term_support" title="Long-term support">Long-term support</a></li>

<li><a href="Project_management" title="Project management">Project management</a></li>

<li><a href="Project_complexity" title="Project complexity">Project complexity</a></li>

<li><a href="Risk_management" title="Risk management">Risk management</a></li></ul>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFForeman2010" class="citation book cs1">Foreman, Park (2010). <i>Vulnerability management</i>. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 1. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4398-0151-2</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/444700438">444700438</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWalkowskiOkoSujecki2021" class="citation journal cs1">Walkowski, Michał; Oko, Jacek; Sujecki, Sławomir (19 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fapp11188735">"Vulnerability Management Models Using a Common Vulnerability Scoring System"</a>. <i>Applied Sciences</i>. <b>11</b> (18): 8735. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fapp11188735">10.3390/app11188735</a></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Codenomicon-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Codenomicon_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Codenomicon_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anna-Maija Juuso and Ari Takanen <i>Unknown Vulnerability Management</i>, Codenomicon whitepaper, October 2010 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.codenomicon.com/solutions/unknown-vulnerability-management/">[1]</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNabel_ZaharudinHaziq_ZuhaimiHossain_Shezan2024" class="citation cs2">Nabel Zaharudin, Muhammad; Haziq Zuhaimi, Muhammad; Hossain Shezan, Faysal (19 May 2024), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sp2024.ieee-security.org/downloads/SP24-posters/sp24posters-final15.pdf">"Poster: Enhancing Symbolic Execution with LLMs for Vulnerability Detection"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-27</span></span></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Marle_Vidal_2016_p.-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marle_Vidal_2016_p._5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMarleVidal2016" class="citation book cs1">Marle, Franck; Vidal, Ludovic-Alexandre (2016). <i>Managing Complex, High Risk Projects</i>. London: Springer London. p. . <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4471-6787-7">10.1007/978-1-4471-6787-7</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4471-6785-3</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/934201504">934201504</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNassim_N._Taleb2009" class="citation news cs1">Nassim N. Taleb, Daniel G. Goldstein (2009-10-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hbr.org/2009/10/the-six-mistakes-executives-make-in-risk-management">"The Six Mistakes Executives Make in Risk Management"</a>. <i>Harvard Business Review</i>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0017-8012">0017-8012</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-13</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/threats/implementing-vulnerability-management-process-34180">"Implementing a Vulnerability Management Process"</a>. <i>SANS Institute.</i></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Information_security92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Information_security" title="Information security">Information security</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Threat_(computer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Threat (computer)">Threats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Adware" title="Adware">Adware</a></li>

<li><a href="Advanced_persistent_threat" title="Advanced persistent threat">Advanced persistent threat</a></li>

<li><a href="Arbitrary_code_execution" title="Arbitrary code execution">Arbitrary code execution</a></li>

<li><a href="Backdoor_(computing)" title="Backdoor (computing)">Backdoors</a></li>

<li>Bombs

<li><a href="Logic_bomb" title="Logic bomb">Logic</a></li>

<li><a href="Hardware_backdoor" title="Hardware backdoor">Hardware backdoors</a></li>

<li><a href="Code_injection" title="Code injection">Code injection</a></li>

<li><a href="Crimeware" title="Crimeware">Crimeware</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-site_scripting" title="Cross-site scripting">Cross-site scripting</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-site_leaks" title="Cross-site leaks">Cross-site leaks</a></li>

<li><a href="DOM_clobbering" title="DOM clobbering">DOM clobbering</a></li>

<li><a href="History_sniffing" title="History sniffing">History sniffing</a></li>

<li><a href="Cryptojacking" title="Cryptojacking">Cryptojacking</a></li>

<li><a href="Botnet" title="Botnet">Botnets</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_breach" title="Data breach">Data breach</a></li>

<li><a href="Drive-by_download" title="Drive-by download">Drive-by download</a></li>

<li><a href="Browser_Helper_Object" title="Browser Helper Object">Browser Helper Objects</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_virus" title="Computer virus">Viruses</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_scraping" title="Data scraping">Data scraping</a></li>

<li><a href="Denial-of-service_attack" title="Denial-of-service attack">Denial-of-service attack</a></li>

<li><a href="Eavesdropping" title="Eavesdropping">Eavesdropping</a></li>

<li><a href="Email_fraud" title="Email fraud">Email fraud</a></li>

<li><a href="Email_spoofing" title="Email spoofing">Email spoofing</a></li>

<li><a href="Exploit_(computer_security)" title="Exploit (computer security)">Exploits</a></li>

<li><a href="Dialer#Fraudulent_dialer" title="Dialer">Fraudulent dialers</a></li>

<li><a href="Hacktivism" title="Hacktivism">Hacktivism</a></li>

<li><a href="Infostealer" title="Infostealer">Infostealer</a></li>

<li><a href="Insecure_direct_object_reference" title="Insecure direct object reference">Insecure direct object reference</a></li>

<li><a href="Keystroke_logging" title="Keystroke logging">Keystroke loggers</a></li>

<li><a href="Malware" title="Malware">Malware</a></li>

<li><a href="Payload_(computing)" title="Payload (computing)">Payload</a></li>

<li><a href="Phishing" title="Phishing">Phishing</a>

<ul><li><a href="Voice_phishing" title="Voice phishing">Voice</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Polymorphic_engine" title="Polymorphic engine">Polymorphic engine</a></li>

<li><a href="Privilege_escalation" title="Privilege escalation">Privilege escalation</a></li>

<li><a href="Ransomware" title="Ransomware">Ransomware</a></li>

<li><a href="Rootkit" title="Rootkit">Rootkits</a></li>

<li><a href="Scareware" title="Scareware">Scareware</a></li>

<li><a href="Shellcode" title="Shellcode">Shellcode</a></li>

<li><a href="Spamming" title="Spamming">Spamming</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_engineering_(security)" title="Social engineering (security)">Social engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Spyware" title="Spyware">Spyware</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_bug" title="Software bug">Software bugs</a></li>

<li><a href="Trojan_horse_(computing)" title="Trojan horse (computing)">Trojan horses</a></li>

<li><a href="Hardware_Trojan" title="Hardware Trojan">Hardware Trojans</a></li>

<li><a href="Remote_access_trojan" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote access trojan">Remote access trojans</a></li>

<li><a href="Vulnerability_(computer_security)" title="Vulnerability (computer security)">Vulnerability</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_shell" title="Web shell">Web shells</a></li>

<li><a href="Wiper_(malware)" title="Wiper (malware)">Wiper</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_worm" title="Computer worm">Worms</a></li>

<li><a href="SQL_injection" title="SQL injection">SQL injection</a></li>

<li><a href="Rogue_security_software" title="Rogue security software">Rogue security software</a></li>

<li><a href="Zombie_(computing)" title="Zombie (computing)">Zombie</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defenses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Application_security" title="Application security">Application security</a>

<ul><li><a href="Secure_coding" title="Secure coding">Secure coding</a></li>

<li>Secure by default</li>

<li><a href="Secure_by_design" title="Secure by design">Secure by design</a>

<ul><li><a href="Misuse_case" title="Misuse case">Misuse case</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Computer_access_control" title="Computer access control">Computer access control</a>

<ul><li><a href="Authentication" title="Authentication">Authentication</a>

<ul><li><a href="Multi-factor_authentication" title="Multi-factor authentication">Multi-factor authentication</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Authorization" title="Authorization">Authorization</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Computer_security_software" title="Computer security software">Computer security software</a>

<ul><li><a href="Antivirus_software" title="Antivirus software">Antivirus software</a></li>

<li><a href="Security-focused_operating_system" title="Security-focused operating system">Security-focused operating system</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Data-centric_security" title="Data-centric security">Data-centric security</a></li>

<li><a href="Obfuscation_(software)" title="Obfuscation (software)">Software obfuscation</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_masking" title="Data masking">Data masking</a></li>

<li><a href="Encryption" title="Encryption">Encryption</a></li>

<li><a href="Firewall_(computing)" title="Firewall (computing)">Firewall</a></li>

<li><a href="Intrusion_detection_system" title="Intrusion detection system">Intrusion detection system</a>

<ul><li><a href="Host-based_intrusion_detection_system" title="Host-based intrusion detection system">Host-based intrusion detection system</a> (HIDS)</li>

<li><a href="Anomaly_detection" title="Anomaly detection">Anomaly detection</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Information_security_management" title="Information security management">Information security management</a>

<ul><li><a href="Information_risk_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Information risk management">Information risk management</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_information_and_event_management" title="Security information and event management">Security information and event management</a> (SIEM)</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Runtime_application_self-protection" title="Runtime application self-protection">Runtime application self-protection</a></li>

<li><a href="Site_isolation" title="Site isolation">Site isolation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br>security<br>topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Computer_security" title="Computer security">Computer security</a></li>

<li><a href="Automotive_security" title="Automotive security">Automotive security</a></li>

<li><a href="Cybercrime" title="Cybercrime">Cybercrime</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cybersex_trafficking" title="Cybersex trafficking">Cybersex trafficking</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_fraud" title="Computer fraud">Computer fraud</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Cybergeddon" title="Cybergeddon">Cybergeddon</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyberterrorism" title="Cyberterrorism">Cyberterrorism</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyberwarfare</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_warfare" title="Electronic warfare">Electronic warfare</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_warfare" title="Information warfare">Information warfare</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_security" title="Internet security">Internet security</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_security" title="Mobile security">Mobile security</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_security" title="Network security">Network security</a></li>

<li><a href="Copy_protection" title="Copy protection">Copy protection</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">Digital rights management</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-11" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Vulnerability_management&oldid=1289877996">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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